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The premise and the mindset apparent in the new Trump team points to an interesting world out there. Things will not be rosy, but they will be very different. Very, very different.
Pakistan faces an existential situation made worse by a hung election and the rejection of its Army. What is the way forward?
A disciple inquired of the master monk Dasui, "When the cosmic conflagration that concludes an epoch engulfs everything and obliterates the cosmos, does this too perish?"
Dasui responded, "It perishes."
The disciple questioned further, "So, it is swept away with the rest?"
Dasui affirmed, "Indeed, it is swept away."
In a similar vein, a disciple posed a question to another master monk Longji, "As the inferno that marks the epoch's end consumes all and the cosmos faces annihilation, does this remain intact or not?"
Longji declared, "It remains intact."
Puzzled, the disciple asked, "How does it remain untouched?"
Longji explained, "It remains because it is indivisible from the cosmos itself."
What happens in this universe is non-different from the consciousness.
Similarly what happens in a society is non-different from the individuals it is comprised of. We may have one or the other individual whom we may like or not, but society's behavior and fate are sealed collectively by individuals making it up.
Society, you see, is the resultant vector of all the individuals comprising it.
Today's Pakistan may be facing an existential crisis.
Not because some players are creating that situation for it. But because the society was built on such terrible foundational elements that would have led such a society to this eventuality no matter the players.
Mujibur, Zia and Imran are just proxies. The evil was unleashed long back.
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A group of war criminals started their journey on the back of hatred for "others". When it was Hindus and Sikhs as "others", everyone including the Ahmadis were their allies and Bengali Islamists their quarterbacks. When Hindus and Sikhs were finished from their land, Balochis and Bengalis became their target. And then the Ahmadis.
All through this journey, one thing was common.
Thirst for blood and lust for the vanquished's women.
Rape camps - where women were enslaved and raped by the group that called itself the "Pakistani Army" were a regular feature. A strategic component of an aggressive maneuver.
When the Bengalis were raped and killed, Ahmadis became the target. And the march of this group of war criminals, that the Pakistanis fantasized to be an "army" went on.
Women raped, men burned alive, kids shot and towns laid to rubble, nothing stopped this demon.
So when a little girl calls it out, however sparingly given the heinous nature of the group, you wonder at the willful ignorance and utter impotence of every "revolutionary poet", activist, and human rights fighter in Pakistan.
Those who lost their shoes in the streets of Dhaka.
Those who lay down their arms, who are naked.
They turned their gun on us today.
Mother naked, these are sinners.
These are adulterers lying on the sister.
They are traitors who broke three constitutions.
Give them the death penalty.
Give them a punishment that is a lesson. !!
You see, it is a society of make-believe.
That is why it is quite apt that given the rampant corruption in the current 2024 election, the leading party's leader -Imran Khan - has declared his victory via an audio-visual message generated via Artificial Intelligence. (Source: X post /Imran Khan)
This is another day in the make-believe society of Pakistan.
An election in a country run by War Criminals.
A governance that goes by a cute name called "democracy". The Pakistanis, analysts, commentators, and intellectuals alike rattle these inanities and the Western media and the governments start believing that.
Here is a list of all the Prime Ministers in Pakistan's history. What strikes you the most? Check the tenure.
In terms of tenure and length of rule, the Pakistan Peoples Party has had the longest stint in power. There have been several avatars of the "Muslim League".
Corruption and money-making have been the aim of every Prime Minister who came to power in Pakistan.
Assassinations, coups, forced resignations, and corruption charges - everything has been used to keep the Pakistani Prime Minister in charge from completing his or her term.
No prime minister has completed a full five-year tenure in Pakistan’s 75-year history – a trend extended with the removal of Imran Khan, who lost a no-confidence vote on Sunday. Pakistan, a parliamentary democracy for most of its history, has had a total of 29 prime ministers since 1947 – one of whom took on the role twice in one year. On 18 occasions, prime ministers have been removed under a variety of circumstances, including corruption charges, direct military coups and forced resignations due to infighting in governing groups. There was one assassination. The remaining prime ministers held the position for a limited time as caretakers to oversee new elections or to see out a dismissed prime minister’s tenure. The year 1993 was particularly fraught, with five changes in the prime ministership. The shortest tenure for a prime minister is two weeks, while the longest is four years and two months. Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif was elected prime minister three times: 1990, 1997 and 2013 – the most for a single candidate. (Source: No Pakistani prime minister has completed a full term in office / Al Jazeera)
Pakistan's governments have been made and broken using extra-constitutional tools.
Coup d'etat - that has marred the Pakistani governance landscape. Four coups have occurred and three of them have been by the military.
There were other coup attempts, albeit unsuccessful.
Rawalpindi Conspiracy (1951): The first notable coup attempt, known as the Rawalpindi Conspiracy of 1951, was orchestrated by Maj. Gen. Akbar Khan, in collaboration with left-leaning activists and officers who were disenchanted with the administration of Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistan's inaugural prime minister. The plot also implicated the renowned poet and intellectual Faiz Ahmed Faiz, raising suspicions about his involvement in the conspiracy.
Zia Assassination Attempt (1980): In 1980, Major General Tajammul Hussain Malik, a senior officer in the Pakistan Army and a noted war hero, orchestrated a coup attempt against General Zia-ul-Haq's regime. The plan, aimed to be executed during the Pakistan Day parade on March 23, 1980, involved several senior army officers, including Malik's own son. However, the conspiracy was uncovered before it could be enacted, leading to the arrest and subsequent life imprisonment of Malik, his son, and other involved conspirators. Malik, who had previously shown exemplary courage in battles and had a distinguished military career, including commanding roles during the Indo-Pakistani Wars, faced a court-martial headed by General Zia-ul-Haq himself. Despite the severe consequences, Malik and his son chose not to accept offers of exile, showing a strong preference for their homeland. Malik was eventually released from prison in 1988 following Zia's death in a plane crash and later delved into politics, even forming his own Islamic political party. His autobiography, "The Story Of My Struggle," published in 1991, details his experiences and perspectives on his military and political life.
Anti-Benazir Coup (1995): In 1995, an unsuccessful coup aimed at Benazir Bhutto's government was orchestrated by Maj. Gen. Zahirul Islam Abbasi, backed by Islamic radicals. Additionally, during General Zia ul Haq's regime, a preemptively foiled coup plot involved Mustafa Khar, who was in exile at the time. The plan's exposure was due to Seth Abid acting as a double agent and alerting the military. The scheme reportedly involved disillusioned army officers and a safe house stocked with weapons acquired directly from India by Mustafa Khar, following negotiations with an Indian agent in London. These events are elaborately recounted by Tehmina Durrani in her acclaimed book 'My Feudal Lord,' where she reveals her coerced, minimal involvement due to her then-marriage to Mustafa Khar.
Current elections is being run like this - by a group of war criminals. As is their wont.
Mario note that the plane clothes intelligence officer is holding a gun in his hand with his finger on the trigger. This is unprecedented. We are all stunned by the sheer impunity of the incidents we are witnessing. Some say the current army chief has been filmed compromised by…
— Dr. Malhi (@MominMalhi) February 9, 2024
Before the election, there were militant bombing attacks.
Two bombs in Pakistan’s southwestern province of Balochistan have killed at least 28 people, officials said, with dozens more injured. The twin blasts on Wednesday came a day before elections. The attacks targeted the election offices of political parties in the restive region. (Source: "Twin bombings kill at least 28 as Pakistan prepares for elections" / Al Jazeera)
On the day of the election, mobile phone and internet services were shut down in the entire country.
Just so that the so-called "Pakistani Army" could rig the elections the way they wanted.
Phone services have been suspended in Pakistan as the country voted in a general election marred by allegations of vote rigging and militant attacks. The caretaker government said phone services, including mobile internet, had been suspended on Thursday for security reasons, after two two bomb blasts by Islamic State targeted election offices in the restive region of Balochistan on the eve of the polls. However, political parties and candidates voiced concern that the suspension was a strategy to enable the rigging of the election by Pakistan’s powerful military, which has a history of meddling in the polls. Results had been expected by the evening but the suspension caused a delay in the reporting of votes, adding to concerns about the integrity of the process. (Source: "Pakistan election: phone service suspended as country goes to polls" / The Guardian)
Many are calling this election a watershed. Sushant Sareen calls it a "1970 moment."
If this trend holds, Pakistan is witnessing another 1970 moment. If it holds, a big IF, Asim Munir is history, Nawaz Sharif is history, Bilawal is history, Fazlur Rehman is history…Imran will be out of jail and in time honoured Pakistani tradition, back in the PM house within… pic.twitter.com/TVfM2dH8OE
— sushant sareen (@sushantsareen) February 8, 2024
Mainly because of how the popularity of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his party's overwhelming victory was sidelined by the so-called Pakistani Army.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was sidelined and Bhutto was installed. Rahman was furious and he warned the then dispensation with dire consequences.
That started the breaking of Pakistan into two nations.
So, is it, as Sareen says, a "1970 moment"?
It all boils down to the inelasticity of one man's ego. Let me explain.
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was executed by hanging in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan on April 4, 1979, at the age of 51. On 5 July 1977, Bhutto was deposed in a military coup by army chief Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Controversially tried and then summarily executed.
The villain was Zia-ul-Haq.
The guy whom Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in March 1976 had approved then-three-star rank general Lieutenant-General Zia as Chief of Army Staff and to be elevated to four-star rank!
Zia-ul-Haq had been killed in an air crash on August 18, 1988
President Mohammad Zia ul-Haq of Pakistan and the United States Ambassador to his country were killed today when a Pakistani Air Force plane exploded in midair and crashed in eastern Pakistan. There was no official explanation for the crash of the American-made, four-engine C-130, which carried 30 people. There were no survivors, Pakistani and American officials said. Almost eight hours after the disaster, Gulam Ishaq Khan, the leader of the Senate, who under the Pakistani Constitution had assumed power, said that ''sabotage cannot be ruled out'' in the explosion. Mr. Ishaq Khan said in a televised address at midnight that he had declared a state of emergency and established a 13-member special council, including the chiefs of the three armed services. (Source: "ZIA OF PAKISTAN KILLED AS BLAST DOWNS PLANE; U.S. ENVOY, 28 OTHERS DIE" / New York Times)
The 1988 Pakistan elections were a pivotal moment in the nation's political history, characterized by a significant shift in power dynamics and the emergence of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) under the leadership of Benazir Bhutto. Amidst this political landscape, General Aslam Beg, then-Army Chief, played a complex and controversial role, particularly in relation to the funding of Islamist parties.
He will be followed by General (Retd) Mirza Aslam Beg, a former army chief, “whose political ambitions had forced the then president Ghulam Ishaq Khan to nominate Gen Asif Nawaz as the new Army chief three months prior to Gen Beg’s retirement”. The newspaper report says: “His role in the famous Mehran Bank scandal and misuse of ISI funds for electoral/political manipulation is still fresh in public memory”. The report adds: “His then DG ISI, General (Retd) Asad Durrani, who had distributed Rs 140 million to win over the “for-sale” politicians never felt ashamed of his role or offered an apology”. (Source: Editorial: What the generals must apologise for / Daily Times)
Following the demise of General Zia-ul-Haq in August 1988, Pakistan found itself at a crossroads, with the elections held on November 16, 1988, witnessing a resurgence of the PPP. Despite facing the nine-party alliance, the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI), supported by intelligence agencies, the PPP emerged as the largest party, securing 94 of the 207 seats in the National Assembly.
Following Zia’s death and under the prevailing law of succession, the chairman of the Senate, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, a longtime civil servant, became acting president. His first official act was to declare that the elections scheduled for November 1988 would be held as planned. The election results revealed that Benazir Bhutto’s PPP had won somewhat less than half the seats in the legislature. One-fourth went to the Islamic Democratic Alliance (which claimed to represent the policies of the late general), and the remaining seats were won by independents and candidates from a number of lesser parties. Bhutto’s party did well in Sind and the North-West Frontier Province, where it was able to form the provincial governments. However, the Punjab was won by the Islamic Democratic Alliance (Islami Jamhoori Itihad [IJI]), led by Nawaz Sharif, a Punjabi businessman, who became the province’s chief minister. Bhutto and her PPP had failed to win a mandate from the voters; however, the party had more seats in the national assembly than its nearest rival, and Ishaq Khan chose Bhutto to organize Pakistan’s first civilian administration since the dissolution of her father’s government in 1977. Thus, Ishaq Khan was formally elected president in December, and Benazir Bhutto became Pakistan’s first female prime minister. Moreover, she was the first woman to head a Muslim state. (Source: The first administration of Benazir Bhutto / Britannica)
This victory put the Pakistani Army's panties in a twist after years of unrestricted military rule. They were pushing for an Islamist takeover of Pakistan with Jamaat-i-Islami and Nawaz Sharif's Muslim League as the main backers.
The core constituents of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) - the dispensation that General Aslam Beg favored - included the Muslim League and the Jamaat-i-Islami (JI). Predominantly, the Muslim League was influenced by the prosperous middle-class individuals from central Punjab, and the JI served as the ideological backbone. Other smaller parties within the IJI, such as Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi's National People’s Party, Sami-ul-Haq's Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (JUI-S), and Maulana Lakhvi's Jamiat Ahle Hadith, each had an influence equivalent to approximately one parliamentary seat.
When despite the military's strongest attempts at keeping Benazir Bhutto out of contention, she still came out ahead, the honchos in Rawalpindi had a major issue on their hands.
Here was the daughter of ZA Bhutto who was hanged by Zia-ul-Haq, a military dictator, who threatened to take over power. Would she do to Zia's family what was done to hers?
When Benazir went to meet General Beg and a deal was struck.
Rauf Klasra writes in his X post about this episode of Pakistani history.
Who will blink first
— Rauf Klasra (@KlasraRauf) February 10, 2024
Imran Khan Vs Gen Asim Munir?
Rauf Klasra
پاکستانی فوجی اسٹیبلشمنٹ اس وقت اس صورت حال کا سامنا کررہی ہے جو 1988 الیکشن بعد آرمی چیف جنرل اسلم بیگ اور ان کے فوجی کمانڈرز کررہے تھے۔
بینظیر بھٹو کی پارٹی اس وقت کی فوجی قیادت جنرل بیگ اور اور آئی ایس آئی کی…
What is he saying?
So she had to agree to four rules for getting power:
She agreed.
Her ego was negotiable. Or rather, it was done to save her power base which had suffered under Zia-ul-Haq's rule relentlessly.
And thus Benazir was invited to become the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
Following Zia’s death and under the prevailing law of succession, the chairman of the Senate, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, a longtime civil servant, became acting president. His first official act was to declare that the elections scheduled for November 1988 would be held as planned. The election results revealed that Benazir Bhutto’s PPP had won somewhat less than half the seats in the legislature. One-fourth went to the Islamic Democratic Alliance (which claimed to represent the policies of the late general), and the remaining seats were won by independents and candidates from a number of lesser parties. Bhutto’s party did well in Sind and the North-West Frontier Province, where it was able to form the provincial governments. However, the Punjab was won by the Islamic Democratic Alliance (Islami Jamhoori Itihad [IJI]), led by Nawaz Sharif, a Punjabi businessman, who became the province’s chief minister. Bhutto and her PPP had failed to win a mandate from the voters; however, the party had more seats in the national assembly than its nearest rival, and Ishaq Khan chose Bhutto to organize Pakistan’s first civilian administration since the dissolution of her father’s government in 1977. Thus, Ishaq Khan was formally elected president in December, and Benazir Bhutto became Pakistan’s first female prime minister. Moreover, she was the first woman to head a Muslim state. (Source: The first administration of Benazir Bhutto / Britannica)
But General Aslam Beg did not stop at that. He kept his pressure up on Benazir Bhutto. He wanted her gone.
Controversies surrounded General Aslam Beg's involvement in funding conservative politicians as opposed to those from the PPP during the subsequent 1990 general elections. These allegations suggest a continuation of the military's influence in political matters, raising questions about the extent of military interference in the democratic process.
The ISI not only paid money to her opponents but also funded and pressured the national media.
It is clear that the main objective of the army and its intelligence arm the ISI, with a nod from President Ghulam Ishaq Khan, was to bribe politicians between 1990 and 1994. The hatchet job was done to prevent the re-election of the PPP by forming an alliance of rightist parties spearheaded by Nawaz Sharif in the form of the Islamic Democratic Alliance (IJI). The most shameful aspect of the Mehrangate saga is that neither the politicians nor the military leadership of the time comes out looking too good. Ghulam Ishaq Khan, the self-styled paragon of virtue and political correctness on whose watch tainted money was distributed, is the villain of the piece. A number of politicians including the MQM supremo Altaf Hussain, Shahbaz Sharif and the Jamaat-e-Islami leadership have denied receiving any money. According to Younis Habib, the ISI gave Nawaz Sharif Rs 3.5 million. His brother Shahbaz Sharif allegedly received Rs 2.5 million from Asif Jamshed Shah (the senior executive of the bank at the time), a claim denied by Sharif. (Source: From Memogate to Mehrangate / Pakistan Today)
The question that Rauf Klasra asks in the end of his X post is interesting.
From Mujibur to Benazir to Imran - we have had three times when the power calculus of the military establishment has been challenged by very popular leaders in Pakistan.
The consequences that ensued boiled down to just one thing - Flexibility.
Call it ego, ethnic responsibility, or power calculations.
Mujibur Rahman would not do a deal. He was punished. So were his people.
Benazir did the deal. To live another day. And save her powerbase.
Imran's future and that of Pakistan also hinges on one thing - whether he can do a deal or not. From the looks of it, given his personality and the treatment meted out to him, a deal seems unlikely.
As of the time of writing, the results from the election look like this.
An interesting X post puts the Pakistani elections in perspective.
The people who cast the votes do not matter. The people who count the votes do. I appeal to all political forces to stand for their real rights and stop this dirty game of deep forces. #EnoughIsEnough
— Aimal Wali Khan (@AimalWali) February 11, 2024
Imran is ahead of the pack despite the open rigging by the military. Sharif is behind him and Bilawal Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party is third.
Yet, all of these players are gunning for the top post. Party leaders are already discussing that.
Many in the media are toeing the military line. For example, this paper gis already giving the election to Nawaz Sharif.
Although the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) has failed to announce the final election results even after passage of two days after completion of the voting process in entire Pakistan, unofficial and unverified election results show that the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) is leading the race for the Punjab crown from the front. According to the unofficial and unverified election results, the PML-N has won 137 seats, while independent candidates backed by Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) have won 116 seats in Punjab so far. Punjab, which is the largest province of Pakistan in terms of population, has 297 provincial assembly seats in total. Independent candidates not supported by the PTI have won 22 seats. (Source: General Elections 2024: PML-N leading the race in Punjab with PTI on its heals / Daily Pakistan)
This is when the party workers of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) are being arrested and harrassed.
Barrister Gohar Khan, the top leader of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Sunday called for the release of his party's "political prisoners", including founder Imran Khan, in response to army chief General Asim Munir's statement stressing the need for a "healing touch" following the February 8 general elections. In his remarks, the military's head congratulated the nation on the successful conduct of the election. He also emphasised the need for stable leadership as well as a unifying approach towards transcending Pakistan's past tumultuous politics. (Source: "PTI demands 'political prisoners' release, mandate acceptance after COAS 'healing touch' statement" / The News)
Bhutto's party leadership is also positioning Bilawal to be the Prime Minister.
As Central Secretary Info of #PPP, I propose that if @BBhuttoZardari doesn't secure the Prime Minister position in a stable coalition alliance,we should opt for opposition.Let's prioritize our party&continue serving the people from that position. #OppositionMatters#Election2024
— Faisal Karim Kundi (@fkkundi) February 11, 2024
The situation is not easily understood by the uninitiated into Pakistani politics.
Sushant Sareen, an astute observer of Pakistan writes in an article on ORF titled "Pakistan generals’(s) election: Shock, awe and the traditional swindle"
He also states one thing -
That the army has suffered a serious setback is a no-brainer. It has the reputation of a military that has never won a war and never lost an election. Now, it has even lost an election. (Source: "Pakistan generals’(s) election: Shock, awe and the traditional swindle" / ORF)
One fully agrees with the observation that the main takeaway from the 2024 election is the complete rejection of the so-called Pakistani Army (really a group of war criminals).
The other observation that this group called the Army has "never lost an election" is not entirely true.
They lost the 1988 election as well.
What they lost on the ground, they won behind the doors.
Going by our model of looking at the mood, the motivations, and the inclinations of the players in the fray and their ability to make deals with the Army at the expense of their own power ambitions, one would put this 2024 elections closer to the 1970 situation.
Imran is more in the mold of Mujibur Rahman as opposed to Benazir Bhutto.
The only, and the major difference is that Rahman had a defacto country in his hands. Imran doesn't.
What he has is the backing of youth in Pakistan.
Shah Meer Baloch
FP Explainers
In Pakistan, the number of young individuals who are either not engaged in any productive activity or are jobless has surpassed 17 million, with almost 7 million among them being male. This situation highlights a significant underutilization of the country's human resources. (Source: The youth bulge / Business Recorder)
The situation of youth unemployment in Pakistan is a complex issue, exacerbated by several factors including a mismatch between the skills of the workforce and job market demands, as well as broader economic and social challenges. Recent reports indicate that a significant portion of Pakistan's youth is facing unemployment, with estimates suggesting that around 31% of the youth are currently without jobs. This figure includes a substantial number of individuals holding professional degrees, underscoring the acute challenge of skill mismatch in the job market.
A whopping 67 per cent youngsters in Pakistan want to leave the cash-strapped country in search of better opportunities abroad, according to a senior research economist in Islamabad. Besides this, as many as 31 percent of educated youth in Pakistan were without jobs, said Dr Faheem Jehangir Khan, Senior Research Economist at Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Dawn reported. (Source: "67% youngsters want to leave Pakistan; 31% educated youth unemployed" / FirstPost)
Whoever can leave Pakistan is leaving or has already left. Illegal immigration, Student visa, Professional migration, Asylum - whatever way works is being used.
In 2023, over 860,000 Pakistanis left the country for education and jobs. In the first six months of 2023, the Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BEOE) reported that 450,110 Pakistanis left the country, including 26,405 highly skilled workers and 4,705 engineers. (Source: 860,000 Pakistanis left the country in 2023 / Global Village Space)
One Pakistani educator writes on LinkedIn about pervasive pessimism in Pakistan.
Currently, Pakistan is dealing with a pervasive sense of pessimism, which is largely caused by the interconnected problems of unemployment, lifestyle inequality, and insecurity. These difficulties have produced a complicated environment that affects both individuals and society as a whole.
Sundas Shehzad
When boats sink in faraway oceans, it is quite common to see that the majority of those dead are Pakistanis.
In fact, as per public health experts, 3 out of every 4 citizens are suffering depression!
Public health experts and intellectuals have pointed out that around 75pc of the people, especially youngsters are experiencing stress, anxiety or depression in Pakistan. (Source: 75pc of Pakistan’s population suffers depression: health experts / Dawn)
The picture we see is quite stark!
Or so it seems.
With a weak military inside and the country facing active attacks on two of its borders - Iran and Afghanistan - Pakistan is acutely missing a strong iron hand to keep the populace in line. Its own line, but at least a line.
So when you replay the situation at hand, two things seem to be clear possibilities for the future:
Which happens first is to be seen. If Imran is eliminated by the Army, then the Breakup will be just a formality.
Intellectuals in Pakistan are asking - why is Pakistani society where it is today. It did not happen in a day. The Crimes and the depravity was always present. You acquiesced to it all along.
The story of how Pakistan got its nuclear arsenal is bizarre. Powerful politicians made decisions that will one day jeopardize this planet. For, unbridled power has been handed to ideological extremists. A detailed expose.
Bilawal Bhutto, the scion of genocide backing and a corruption-ridden family, openly abused and threatened India's elected government functionaries in the UN. Words won't work here. Action will.
Mumbai 26/11 was an Act of war not just of terror. Pakistan's establishment sent commandos to hit India. But the outcome of those events turned the tide against Pakistan forever. The story is riveting and worth reading!
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